Environment and Urbanization

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Register here to gain access to SAGE's 500+ Journals Online

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (5)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Milroy, C. A.
Right arrow Articles by Barreto, M. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 13, No. 1, 235-255 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/095624780101300117

Evaluating sanitary quality and classifying urban sectors according to environmental conditions

Craig A. Milroy

National Security Education Programme (NSEP), Instituto de Saude Coletiva, craig{at}ufba.br

Patricia C. Borja

borja{at}ufba.br

Fernando R. Barros

fernanbarros{at}bol.com.br

Mauricio L. Barreto

Instituo de Saude Coletiva (Federal University of Bahia), mauricio{at}ufba.br

This paper describes how principal components and cluster analyses were used to quantitatively score and rank sanitary conditions in 30 areas of Salvador (Northeast Brazil) and to identify groups of areas with similar environmental quality prior to a programme to improve sanitary infrastructure. In collecting data, street by street, a broad definition of sanitary quality was used, encompassing type and quality of housing, paving, water supply, sewage disposal, drainage and household waste disposal. All variables used in the principal components analysis were coded to reflect the absence of infrastructural elements that contribute to health and environmental quality. Summary variables generated by the analysis were used to score the sanitary quality of each of the areas, and cluster analysis identified four groups of areas, representing high, intermediate, poor and very poor sanitary quality. Higher rates of parasitic infection among children aged 7-14 years of age were found in areas with the worst sanitary conditions, with prevalences increasing progressively from the group with the best sanitary quality to the group with the worst sanitary quality. This kind of analysis provides a method both to appraise the needs of each community (including being able to prioritize areas most in need and identify areas with special sanitation needs) and to score baseline conditions that later allow the impacts of interventions to be assessed.

References

  • Selvin, S (1995), "Principal components analysis" in Practical Biostatistical Methods, Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont CA , pages 221-245.
  • Kleinbaum, D G, L L Kupper and K E Muller (1988), "Factor analysis" in Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods (2nd edition), Duxbury Press, North Scituate MA , pages 595-640.
  • Johnston, R J (1978), "Principal components analysis and factor analysis" in Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography: A Primer on the General Linear Model, Longman Group Ltd., London, UK , pages 127-183.

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
B. Genser, A. Strina, L. A dos Santos, C. A Teles, M. S Prado, S. Cairncross, and M. L Barreto
Impact of a city-wide sanitation intervention in a large urban centre on social, environmental and behavioural determinants of childhood diarrhoea: analysis of two cohort studies
Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2008; 37(4): 831 - 840.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (5)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Milroy, C. A.
Right arrow Articles by Barreto, M. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?