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Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 9, No. 1, 181-202 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/095624789700900115

Urban equity and urban health: using existing data to understand inequalities in health and environment in Accra, Ghana and São Paulo, Brazil

Carolyn Stephens

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK

Marco Akerman

Centro de Estudos de Cultura Contemporanea (CEDEC), Rua Airosa,64, São Paulo SP 05002-070, Brazil

Sebastian Avle

Department of Community Health, Korlebu Medical School/Health Research Unit, Adabraka Polyclinic, PO Box 184, Accra, Ghana

Paulo Borlina Maia

Paulo Campanario

Formerly Diretoria Adjunta de Estudos Populacionais, FundaÁão SEADE, Av. Casper Líbero, 464, CEP 01330-000 São Paulo, Brazil

Ben Doe

Doris Tetteh

Accra Development and Planning Programme, Department of Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Environment, Accra, Ghana.

This paper describes the methods used to study inequalities in health status and environmental conditions between different groups in the cities of São Paulo and Accra. The studies used existing data, drawn from different sources, and involved staff from different government agencies (from city authorities and higher levels), academics and NGOs in determining how best to use it. The paper also provides a summary of the main findings, including a discussion not only of inequalities in health between the best quality and worst quality zones in each city but also on how health risks differ by age group. The paper begins by considering why information on such inequalities is so important for policy makers and why so little data on this are available in most cities in the South.


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