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Changing rural–urban linkages in Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania

GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873 grad.mali{at}malinet.ml

Salmana CissÈ

Rural Economics Institute in Mali (IER).

Bitrina Diyamett

Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH); African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)

Gouro Diallo

GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873 grad.mali{at}malinet.ml

Fred Lerise

Department of Urban and Rural Planning at the University College of Lands and Architectural Studies, Dar es Salaam.

David Okali

NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria.

Enoch Okpara

Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

Janice Olawoye

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria

Cecilia Tacoli

IIED, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H 0DD Cecilia.tacoli{at}iied.org

This paper compares and contrasts changing rural–urban linkages drawing on research in six case study areas in Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania. The aim of the research was to gain a better understanding of the ways in which the livelihoods of rural and urban households rely on both rural-based and urban-based resources, and on exchanges between urban and rural areas. The paper describes changes in farming systems under the impact of urban expansion, with special attention to access to land and other natural resources such as water, and also access to markets and the role of traders, especially small-scale operators. It also examines how changing rural and urban contexts, as well as wider national and regional contexts, affect patterns of income diversification and mobility, especially the differential impacts with regard to women and men and to young and older people. Finally, it analyzes the role of the case studies’ urban centres in the economic and social development of their surrounding regions.

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