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Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 14, No. 2, 115-122 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/095624780201400209
© 2002 International Institute for Environment and Development

"Wakimbizi, wakimbizi": Congolese refugee boys’ and girls’ perspectives on life in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Gillian Mann

Dares Salaam, Tanzania, gillianrobertsonmann{at}yahoo.com

This paper draws on interviews and discussions with 40 Congolese refugee boys and girls who live in Dar es Salaam. It describes their lives and the difficulties they face, and discusses the implications of their clandestine existence (since refugees are not meant to live in Dar but to stay in refugee camps). Children have to conceal their identities and often have their mobility restricted by parents for fear that they will be identified as refugees. Children talk about the harassment they suffer and how they learn to distrust all strangers. Many parents do not send their children to school because they feel their time in Dar is temporary. Most children still think of Congo as home and have little hope that things will improve if they stay in Dar es Salaam. The paper discusses the need to recognize the rights of the "hidden" refugees, who are common and often numerous in many African cities.


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Journal of Refugee StudiesHome page
M. Evans
'The Suffering is Too Great': Urban Internally Displaced Persons in the Casamance Conflict, Senegal
Journal of Refugee Studies, March 1, 2007; 20(1): 60 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]