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Waiting at the tap: changes in urban water use in East Africa over three decades

International Institute for Environment and Development, 3 Endsleigh Street, London, WC1H ODD, UK

Ina T. Porras

Environmental Economics Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development, 3 Endsleigh Street, London, WC1H ODD, UK

Elisabeth Wood

Environmental Economics Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development, 3 Endsleigh Street, London, WC1H ODD, UK

James K. Tumwine

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere Medical School, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda

Mark R. Mujwahuzi

Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 49039, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Munguti Katui-Katua

Community Management and Training Services (East Africa), Park Place, Magadi Road, Langata, PO Box 292 Kiserian, Nairobi, Kenya

Nick Johnstone

Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Environment Directorate, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2 rue Andre Pascal, Paris 75016, France

This paper reports on changes in water supplies in 16 sites in nine East African urban centres (including Nairobi and Dar es Salaam) between 1967 and 1997. The sites included both low-income and affluent neighbourhoods. In most sites, water supplies had deteriorated. For sites that already had piped water in 1967, most received less water per day in 1997 and had more unreliable supplies. For households without piped supplies, the average time spent collecting water in 1997 was more than three times that in 1967. One of the most notable changes when comparing 1997 to 1967 was the much greater importance of private water vending through kiosks or vendors; these had become a booming business in many of the low- and middle-income sites. But on average, those using kiosks were spending almost 2 hours a day collecting water and the water from kiosks was nearly twice the price of piped supplies.

Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 12, No. 2, 37-52 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/095624780001200204


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